Breast Cancer – Where we were, where we are, and where we’re going

When I was training, in the 80’s, mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection (modified radical mastectomy) was the mainstay of treatment for breast cancer. With the advent of chemotherapy, the debilitating Halstead radical mastectomy, with removal of pectorals muscle and level III lymph nodes, no longer provided benefit over more limited surgery in most breast cancer patients.

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